Assessing Corruption An analytical review of Corruption measurement and its problems: Perception, Error and Utility
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper analyzes how corruption is measured through an analysis of major recognized indicators. It examines the disparities between subjective and objective indicators, differentiating between large and pure objective indicators. It studies the rise of the second-generation of indicators and the most representative cases of aggregated indicators: the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) and the World Governance Indicators (WGI), analyzing their strengthens and weaknesses. The second part of this paper summarizes in three main groups the problems that every corruption measurement faces: the Perception problem, the Error problem and the Utility problem.
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Investigation on the Relationship between the Perception of Corruption and Social Trust (A Study on Cities Amol, Sari, and Chalus in Mazandaran Province)
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